{"id":1094,"date":"2009-11-18T11:53:22","date_gmt":"2009-11-18T09:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.blog.atbliss.ru\/?p=1094"},"modified":"2017-10-13T00:01:52","modified_gmt":"2017-10-12T22:01:52","slug":"tips-configuring-mod-rewrite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atbliss.ru\/tips-configuring-mod-rewrite\/","title":{"rendered":"Tips for configuring Apache\u2019s mod_rewrite"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#TIP_1_Check_that_htaccess_is_being_read_and_mod_rewrite_is_available\">TIP #1: Check that .htaccess is being read and mod_rewrite is available<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#TIP_2_Redirects_must_have_different_names_than_files_and_directories\">TIP 2: Redirects must have different names than files and directories<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#TIP_3_The_URL_your_pattern_sees_is_relative_to_the_current_directory\">TIP 3: The URL your pattern sees is relative to the current directory<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#TIP_4_use_minimal_options\">TIP 4: use minimal options<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#TIP_5_Use_simple_patterns\">TIP 5: Use simple patterns<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a <a href=\"\/\/www.xinsight.ca\/blog\/tips-for-configuring-apaches-mod_rewrite\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/\/www.xinsight.ca\/blog\/tips-for-configuring-apaches-mod_rewrite\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nice URLs are good interface design. But, it can be a struggle to get nice-looking urls with Apache.<\/p>\n<p>I just spent a frustrating hour fighting with Apache\u2019s mod_rewrite. There doesn\u2019t seem to be a way to add commentary to the documentation, so I thought I would document a few tips here.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"TIP_1_Check_that_htaccess_is_being_read_and_mod_rewrite_is_available\">TIP #1: Check that <code class=\"inline\">.htaccess<\/code> is being read and mod_rewrite is available<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>All of the apache configuration directives are contained in files named <code class=\"inline\">.htaccess<\/code>. To check that Apache has been configured to read these files, add the following to the <code class=\"inline\">.htaccess<\/code> in your webserver\u2019s document root directory.<\/p>\n<p><code>RewriteEngine On<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^foo$       rewriting-is-working<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Go to the url <code class=\"inline\">\/\/site.com\/foo<\/code> and you should get a 404 error message like, \u201cThe requested URL \/rewriting-is-working was not found on this server.\u201d That\u2019s good. mod_rewrite is installed and activated. It just needs to be configured.<\/p>\n<p>If you only see a \u201cNot Found\u201d error message with no mention of \u201crewriting-is-working\u201d, then it might be that your <code class=\"inline\">.htaccess<\/code>file is not being read at all.<\/p>\n<p>An easy way to check if the <code class=\"inline\">.htaccess<\/code> files are being parsed is to put an invalid entry in the file at the root level. If you get a server error, then we know the file is in use.<\/p>\n<p><code># the next line is not valid. We should get a 500 Server Error.<br \/>\nFoo<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p>If you don\u2019t get an error, then you need to allow the webserver to be configured with <code class=\"inline\">.htaccess<\/code> files. This is done in the main server config (usually <code class=\"inline\">\/etc\/httpd.conf<\/code> or <code class=\"inline\">\/etc\/apache\/httpd.conf<\/code>) and if you are on a shared webhost, you will have to ask the administrator to set this up. It will look something like\u2026<\/p>\n<p><code># file: \/etc\/httpd.conf<br \/>\n#<br \/>\n&lt;Directory \"\/public_html\"&gt;<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code> <\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>AllowOverride FileInfo<br \/>\n# or if you want to do anything in .htaccess:<br \/>\n# AllowOverride All<br \/>\n&lt;\/Directory&gt;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p>(And of course, after any httpd.conf change, restart the webserver. <code class=\"inline\">sudo apachectl restart<\/code> )<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"TIP_2_Redirects_must_have_different_names_than_files_and_directories\">TIP 2: Redirects must have different names than files and directories<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This was a huge stumbling block for me. The filesystem takes precedence over the URL rewriting. Consider this example:<\/p>\n<p>FILE:<br \/>\npublic_html\/about\/us.html<\/p>\n<p>URL:<br \/>\n\/\/site.com\/about\/us.html<\/p>\n<p>DESIRED URL:<br \/>\n\/\/site.com\/about<\/p>\n<p>HTACCESS:<br \/>\npublic_html\/.htaccess<\/p>\n<p>This is <strong>not possible<\/strong>. Apache will go into the \u201cabout\u201d directory and will never see the Rewrite directive at the root level.<\/p>\n<p>The best solution is to rename \u201cabout\u201d something like \u201c_about\u201d and then add the following rewrite rules:<\/p>\n<p><code>RewriteEngine On<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^about$       \/_about\/us.html<br \/>\n# - and if you need the old URL to work...<br \/>\n# RewriteRule ^about\/us.html$ \/about\/us.html<br \/>\n# - or if there are other files under \/about ...<br \/>\n# RewriteRule ^about\/(.+)$ \/_about\/$1<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"TIP_3_The_URL_your_pattern_sees_is_relative_to_the_current_directory\">TIP 3: The URL your pattern sees is relative to the current directory<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If your <code class=\"inline\">.htaccess<\/code> is in a subdirectory, the Rewrite rule cannot see the entire URL. Consider this example:<\/p>\n<p>FILE:<br \/>\npublic_html\/content\/news.php<\/p>\n<p>URL:<br \/>\n\/\/site.com\/content\/news.php<\/p>\n<p>DESIRED URL:<br \/>\n\/\/site.com\/content\/latest<\/p>\n<p>HTACCESS:<br \/>\npublic_html\/content\/.htaccess<\/p>\n<p>The rewrite rule in the .htaccess file doesn\u2019t \u201csee\u201d the \u201ccontent\u201d part of the URL. To get the desired URL, the pattern is <code class=\"inline\">^latest$<\/code> (<strong>Not<\/strong>: <code class=\"inline\">^content\/latest$<\/code>!)<\/p>\n<p><code>RewriteEngine On<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^latest$\t\t\t\t\tnews.php<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"TIP_4_use_minimal_options\">TIP 4: use minimal options<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When nothing is working, it\u2019s tempting to just start sticking various options to RewriteRule to see what happens.<\/p>\n<p>The options that you can pass to RewriteRule are a bit cyptic. They are:<\/p>\n<p>[L] = Last rule. If there is a match then stop processing further Rewrite rules.<br \/>\n[QSA] = Query String Append. Useful for scripts that receive parameters via a GET (foo.php?id=123&amp;name=joe) and you simply want to pass them on.<br \/>\n[PT] = Pass through. Mostly used in combination wiAfter a match, pass through to the other handlers. U<br \/>\n[R] = Redirect. Send the rewritten URL back to the browser, which the browser automatically loads. The new URL is visible to end-user.<\/p>\n<p>The [L]ast rule is a nice optimization if you have several rules, since the server won\u2019t continue to match rules that you don\u2019t need or want. Having rules that call other rules seems like a recipe for spaghetti code. For example, this is possible:<\/p>\n<p><code>RewriteEngine On<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^xxx$       yyy<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^yyy$       zzz<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^zzz$       news.php<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u201cxxx\u201d, \u201cyyy\u201d or \u201czzz\u201d would all take you to \u201cnews.php\u201d. Useful? Maybe. It\u2019s certainly convoluted.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s how you add an options to your rule.<\/p>\n<p><code>RewriteEngine On<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^latest$\t\t\t\t\tnews.php [L]<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p>[QSA] is only useful if you have a script that receives input multiple variables via a GET request. Assuming that news.php takes several parameters\u2026<\/p>\n<p><code>RewriteEngine On<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^latest$\t\t\t\t\tnews.php [QSA,L]<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p>[PT] is only useful if you want mod_alias to process the URL afterwards. (But why not just write the URL correctly the first time?)<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"TIP_5_Use_simple_patterns\">TIP 5: Use simple patterns<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The regexp operator <code class=\"inline\">\\d<\/code> which normally matches all digits, doesn\u2019t work! I figured this was a fairly basic to any regular expression engine, but it must be a perl extension. Anyways, keep it simple. If your regexp doesn\u2019t work, simplify it to the basics.<\/p>\n<p>URL:<br \/>\n\/\/site.com\/_item.php?id=123<\/p>\n<p>DESIRED URL:<br \/>\n\/\/site.com\/item\/123<\/p>\n<p><code># Bad: Does NOT work!<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^item\/(d+)       _item.php?id=$1<\/code><\/p>\n<p># Good<br \/>\nRewriteRule ^item\/([0-9]+) _item.php?id=$1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435TIP #1: Check that .htaccess is being read and mod_rewrite is availableTIP 2: Redirects must have different names than files and directoriesTIP 3: The URL your pattern sees is relative to the current directoryTIP 4: use minimal optionsTIP 5: Use simple patterns \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \/\/www.xinsight.ca\/blog\/tips-for-configuring-apaches-mod_rewrite\/ Nice URLs are good interface design. But, it can be a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[695],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tips for configuring Apache\u2019s mod_rewrite<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atbliss.ru\/tips-configuring-mod-rewrite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tips for configuring Apache\u2019s mod_rewrite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435TIP #1: Check that .htaccess is being read and mod_rewrite is availableTIP 2: Redirects must have different names than files and directoriesTIP 3: The URL your pattern sees is relative to the current directoryTIP 4: use minimal optionsTIP 5: Use simple patterns \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \/\/www.xinsight.ca\/blog\/tips-for-configuring-apaches-mod_rewrite\/ Nice URLs are good interface design. 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